1. What is Power Factor?

Power factor is the ratio of real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA) in an AC electrical system. For low power factor motors, this calculation helps identify efficiency issues and potential corrective measures.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the power factor formula:

Where:

• Power — Real power in kilowatts (kW)
• Voltage — Line voltage in volts (V)
• Current — Line current in amperes (A)
• Efficiency — Motor efficiency (0-1 decimal)

Explanation: The equation calculates the ratio between the actual power being used (kW) and the power that is being supplied to the circuit (kVA).

3. Importance of Power Factor Calculation

Details: Low power factor indicates poor electrical efficiency, increases energy costs, and may require power factor correction. Typical power factors range from 0 to 1, with 1 being ideal.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter power in kW, voltage in volts, current in amps, and efficiency as a decimal (e.g., 85% efficiency = 0.85). All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a good power factor for motors?
A: Most electric motors have a power factor between 0.85 and 0.90 at full load. Values below 0.80 indicate poor power factor.

Q2: Why is power factor important?
A: Utilities often charge penalties for low power factor as it increases current flow and power losses in distribution systems.

Q3: How can power factor be improved?
A: Power factor correction capacitors can be installed to reduce reactive power and improve power factor.

Q4: What causes low power factor?
A: Induction motors, transformers, and other inductive loads cause current to lag voltage, reducing power factor.

Q5: Should efficiency be included in power factor calculation?
A: Yes, motor efficiency affects the relationship between input power and output power, so it should be considered.