1. What is Power Factor?

Power Factor (PF) is the ratio of real power (measured in watts) to apparent power (measured in volt-amperes) in an AC electrical system. It indicates how effectively electrical power is being converted into useful work output.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the power factor formula:

Where:

• \( P \) — Real power in watts (W)
• \( V \) — Voltage in volts (V)
• \( I \) — Current in amperes (A)

Explanation: The power factor ranges from 0 to 1, with 1 being ideal. A lower power factor indicates poor utilization of electrical power.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: Power factor is crucial for assessing energy efficiency in electrical systems. A low power factor results in higher current draw, increased energy losses, and potential penalties from utility companies.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter real power in watts, voltage in volts, and current in amps. All values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the power factor (unitless value between 0 and 1).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a good power factor value?
A: Typically, a power factor of 0.95 or higher is considered good. Values below 0.85 may indicate problems.

Q2: Why is power factor important for motors?
A: Motors with low power factor draw more current for the same power output, leading to higher energy costs and potential overheating.

Q3: How can power factor be improved?
A: Power factor correction capacitors can be added to the system to reduce reactive power and improve power factor.

Q4: Does power factor affect my electricity bill?
A: Many commercial/industrial customers are charged for low power factor, as it increases strain on the electrical grid.

Q5: What causes low power factor?
A: Inductive loads (like motors and transformers), underloaded motors, and harmonic distortions can all contribute to low power factor.