1. What is Power Factor?

Power Factor (PF) is the ratio of real power (measured in watts) to apparent power (measured in volt-amperes) in an AC electrical system. In the Dillon context, it's particularly important for assessing motor efficiency and power quality.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the power factor formula for three-phase systems:

Where:

• \( P \) — Real power in watts
• \( V \) — Line voltage in volts
• \( I \) — Line current in amps
• \( \sqrt{3} \) — Constant for three-phase systems (≈1.732)

Explanation: The equation calculates how effectively electrical power is being converted into useful work output in a motor or electrical system.

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: Power factor is crucial for determining electrical system efficiency. Low power factor indicates poor utilization of electrical power, which can lead to higher utility charges and require power factor correction equipment.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter real power in watts, line-to-line voltage in volts, and line current in amps. All values must be positive numbers. The calculator assumes a balanced three-phase system.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a good power factor value?
A: Ideally 1.0 (unity), but practical values range from 0.8 to 0.95 for efficient systems. Below 0.8 is generally considered poor.

Q2: Why is power factor important in motors?
A: Motors with low power factor draw more current for the same real power, increasing energy losses and potentially causing voltage drops.

Q3: How can power factor be improved?
A: Through power factor correction capacitors, synchronous condensers, or using motors designed for higher power factor operation.

Q4: Does this calculator work for single-phase systems?
A: No, for single-phase systems the formula is PF = P/(V×I) without the √3 factor.

Q5: What affects power factor in motors?
A: Load conditions (better at full load), motor design, and the presence of harmonic distortions in the power supply.