1. What is Power Factor?

Power Factor is the ratio of real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA) in an AC electrical system. It measures how effectively electrical power is being used. A higher power factor indicates more efficient power usage.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the power factor formula for three-phase systems:

Where:

• \( Power \) — Real power in kilowatts (kW)
• \( Voltage \) — Line voltage in volts (V)
• \( Current \) — Line current in amperes (A)
• \( \sqrt{3} \) — Constant for three-phase systems (≈1.732)
• \( Efficiency \) — Motor efficiency as a decimal (0-1)

Explanation: The formula calculates how much of the apparent power is being converted to useful work (real power).

3. Importance of Power Factor Calculation

Details: Power factor is crucial for designing efficient electrical systems. Low power factor results in higher current draw, increased energy losses, and potential utility penalties. Motor starter circuits often need power factor correction.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter power in kW, voltage in volts, current in amps, and efficiency as a decimal (e.g., 95% efficiency = 0.95). All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a good power factor value?
A: Ideally 1.0 (unity), but values above 0.95 are considered good. Values below 0.85 may require correction.

Q2: Why include efficiency in the calculation?
A: Efficiency accounts for power losses in the motor, giving a more accurate power factor measurement at the input.

Q3: Does this work for single-phase systems?
A: No, for single-phase remove the √3 factor from the denominator.

Q4: How can I improve power factor?
A: Common methods include adding power factor correction capacitors, using synchronous condensers, or selecting more efficient motors.

Q5: What causes low power factor?
A: Inductive loads (like motors), lightly loaded transformers, and harmonic currents can all reduce power factor.