1. What is Power Factor?

Power factor is the ratio of real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA) in an AC electrical system. It indicates how effectively electrical power is being used, with a value between 0 and 1 (1 being ideal).

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the power factor formula for three-phase motor circuits:

Where:

• Power — Real power in kilowatts (kW)
• Voltage — Line voltage in volts (V)
• Current — Line current in amperes (A)
• Efficiency — Motor efficiency as a decimal (0-1)
• √3 — Constant for three-phase systems (≈1.732)

Explanation: The formula accounts for the phase relationship between voltage and current in AC systems and the motor's energy conversion efficiency.

3. Importance of Power Factor Calculation

Details: Power factor is crucial for assessing electrical system efficiency. Low power factor increases current requirements, causes voltage drops, and may result in utility penalties.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter power in kW, voltage in volts, current in amps, and efficiency as a decimal (e.g., 0.85 for 85%). All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a good power factor value?
A: Typically 0.95 or higher is desirable. Below 0.85 is generally considered poor.

Q2: Why does power factor matter?
A: Low power factor increases energy losses and may result in higher electricity costs due to utility penalties.

Q3: How can power factor be improved?
A: Through power factor correction capacitors, using properly sized motors, and avoiding motor operation at light loads.

Q4: Is this calculator only for motors?
A: While designed for motors, the principle applies to any three-phase AC load when efficiency is known.

Q5: What's the difference between displacement and true power factor?
A: Displacement power factor considers only fundamental frequency, while true power factor includes harmonic effects.